Commentary: Is this the end of Chinas peaceful rise?

NEW DELHI: COVID-19 isnt the only threat that has crossed Indias borders this year.

According to alarming reports from Indias defence ministry, China has deployed a “significant number” of troops across the disputed Line of Actual Control (LAC) along the countries Himalayan frontier.

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So far, these transgressions have occurred at four points on the worlds longest and most highly disputed border, with thousands of Chinese troops showing up in Sikkim and in parts of the Ladakh region, northeast of the Kashmir Valley.

Neither government disputes the fact that Chinese soldiers have occupied territory that India considers its own.

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LONGSTANDING ISSUE

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Notwithstanding a brief but bloody war in 1962 that ended with the humiliation of Indias underprepared army, China and India have managed an uneasy but viable modus vivendi on their common border for nearly half a century.

No shots have been fired in anger since 1976, and both countries tend to downplay each others troop movements, citing “differing perceptions” as to where the LAC – which has never been officially demarcated – actually lies.

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Owing to these fraught conditions, an estimated 400 face-offs occur each year along the LAC, all of which are quickly defused.

But this time is different. Chinese troops have reportedly advanced into territories that China itself traditionally considers to be on the Indian side of the divide.

And rather than merely patrolling, they have established a fixed presence with pitched tents, concrete structures and several miles of road well beyond Chinas own “Claim Line,” occupying the “Finger Heights” near Pangong Tso Lake.

Obviously, these encroachments have met with resistance. Last month alone, there were two physical clashes between Indian and Chinese soldiers, with brawls resulting in dozens of injuries on both sides.

Though the two armies had a similar standoff on Bhutans Doklam Plateau in 2017, that was in a third country.

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This time, India has every reason to interpret Chinas incursion as direct aggression.

THIS TIME ITS DIFFERENT

True, the Doklam standoff ended with a Chinese climb-down, as did a similar episode in the same part of Ladakh during Chinese President Xi Jinpings first visit to India in 2014.

But the China of 2020 is stronger, more assertive and eager to throw its weight around in a new era of Sino-American “decoupling.” It will be less inclined to withdraw unilaterally this time.

Still, the world is taking notice. Recent statements by US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and Russia both expressed growing concern, despite Chinese officials statement that the situation is “overall stable and controllable.”

But the problem is not that China is planning an all-out war or a major military campaign.

Rather, it is using “salami tactics”: Minor military incursions that inflict small-scale military setbacks on India. Most likely, the Chinese will occupy a few square kilometres of territory for “defensive” purposes, and then declare peace.

This approach is nothing new, and it poses a test of Indias resolve.

Because Indias government cannot afford to take Chinas latest aggression lying down, it is reportedly already preparing for a long stand-off.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modis nationalist regime, especially, cannot risk losing face before Indias easily inflamed public.

But even under a different government, India would have a strong interest in proving to would-be aggressors – not least Pakistan – that it is no pushover.

To be sure, China may argue that it was provoked by Indias infrastructure construction along the LAC. But these projects are long overdue.

Two summers ago, the Indian parliaments External Affairs Committee – which I chaired at the time – visited the border areas and found the infrastructure there to be woefully inadequate.

China, meanwhile, has been building all-weather roads, railway lines, and even airports on its side of the LAC. It also boasts conventional military superiority over India, both in the LAC area and overall; but India has shorter supply lines to maintain in the mountainous terrain.

The India-China relationship is nothing if not complicated. The wounds of the 1962 war never healed, yet annual bilateral trade has grown to almost US$100 billion, albeit overwhelmingly in Chinas favour.

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Moreover, China uses its alliance with Pakistan to needle, distract, and confine India within its own sub-region.

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, one of the crown jewels of Xis Belt and Road Initiative, runs through portions of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir that even China acknowledges as disputed territory.

China also continues to reiterate its claims to Indian territory directly, particularly the north-eastern state of Arunachal Pradesh, which it describes as “South Tibet.”

Against this backdrop, episodes like the current stand-off should be understood as part of a larger strategy of keeping IndiaRead More – Source

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